Accessing the oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

Accessing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

At the end of a successful database creation, Oracle Enterprise Manager is automatically launched and the database is started. At other times, provided the dbconsole process is running on the server, Oracle DBA can navigate to your Database Control from your client browser as follows:

1. Point your web browser to the following URL: http://hostname:portnumber/em For example, if Oracle DBA installed the database on a host computer named comp42, and the installer indicated that your Enterprise Manager Console HTTP port number is 5500 (also recorded in the $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini file), enter the following URL: http://comp42:5500/em If the database is up, Enterprise Manager displays the Database Control Login page.



If the database is down and needs to be started, Enterprise Manager displays the Startup/Shutdown and Perform Recovery page. If this is the case, click the Startup/Shutdown button. Oracle DBA are then prompted for the host and target database login usernames and passwords, which Oracle DBA must enter. For the database user and password use SYS and the password Oracle DBA specified during installation.

Click OK to start the database. In the Confirmation screen, click YES to start the database in open mode.

2. Log in to the database using a username that is authorized to access the Database Control. This initially could be SYS or SYSTEM. Use the password Oracle DBA specified for the account during the database installation.

The property pages across the top of the page enable Oracle DBA to access performance, administration, and maintenance pages for managing your database. The functionality provided by these pages is discussed in other chapters of this book. The various sections of the Database Home page, and related links, provide a wealth of information about the database’s environment and health. For example, the Alerts, Related Alerts, and ADDM Analysis sections warn Oracle DBA of errors and performance problems that are impacting the operation of your database. Oracle DBA can click the provided links to see more detail about the problem area, and even to obtain recommendations and SQL for resolving the problem

Starting the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console

Starting the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console

To access the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console from a client browser, the dbconsole process needs to be running on the server.

This process is automatically started after installation. However, if the process is not running because of a system restart or otherwise, Oracle DBA can manually start it at the command line.

Control Panel->Administrative Tools->Services. The Services page appears.

2. Oracle services begin with Oracle. The dbconsole service is listed as OracleDBConsole. The status of this process is listed in the Status column, either Started or Stopped. Double click the service. The property page appears.

3. In the properties page, ensure that the Startup Type is either Manual or Automatic and not Disabled. Click Start, if the process is not already started. Click OK. Oracle DBA can also use the Services page to Stop the process.

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Upgrading a Database

Perhaps your task is not to create a new database, but to upgrade an existing database. A database upgrade is necessary when Oracle DBA have an older database such as Oracle9i and need to upgrade it to the current release. Oracle provides a tool for upgrading an existing database, called the Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA).

The Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) interactively steps Oracle DBA through the upgrade process and configures the database for the new Oracle Database 10g release. The Database Upgrade Assistant automates the upgrade process by performing all of the tasks normally performed manually.

The Database Upgrade Assistant makes appropriate recommendations for configuration options such as tablespaces and redo logs. Oracle DBA can then act on these recommendations. For example, the Database Upgrade Assistant recommends sizing information for the new SYSAUX tablespace, which is required in Oracle Database 10g. Before the Upgrade The Database Upgrade Assistant performs the following pre-upgrade steps: It checks for any invalid user accounts or roles It checks for any invalid datatypes It checks for any desupported character sets It checks for adequate resources, including rollback segments, tablespaces, and free disk space It optionally backs up all necessary files The Database Upgrade Assistant does not begin the upgrade until it completes all of the pre-upgrade steps.

During the Upgrade The Database Upgrade Assistant automatically modifies or creates new required tablespaces, invokes the appropriate upgrade scripts, archives the redo logs, and disables archiving during the upgrade phase. While the upgrade is running, the Database Upgrade Assistant shows the upgrade progress for each component.

The Database Upgrade Assistant writes detailed trace and log files and produces a complete HTML report for later reference. To enhance security, the Database Upgrade Assistant automatically locks new user accounts in the upgraded database. The Database Upgrade Assistant then proceeds to create new configuration files (parameter and listener files) in the new Oracle home.

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Using DBCA to Configure Database Options

Using DBCA to Configure Database Options To change the database configuration, select Configure database options in a database from the Operations page.

Oracle DBA can change your configuration from a dedicated server to a shared server. Oracle DBA can add database options that have not been previously configured for use with your database, for example: Oracle Label Security or Oracle OLAP.

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Delete database using DBCA

To delete a database using DBCA, select Delete a database from the Operations page.

When Oracle DBA select this option, DBCA deletes all the files associated with this database. On Windows, any associated services are also deleted.

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Starting DBCA

Learn Oracle - Starting DBCA

To launch DBCA on the Windows operating system use the following procedure:

1. Log onto your computer as a member of the administrative group that is authorized to install Oracle software and create and run the database.

2. To launch DBCA on a Windows operating system select the following: Start > Programs > Oracle - home_name > Configuration and Migration Tools > Database Configuration Assistant To launch the DBCA on a UNIX, or as another method on a Windows operating system, enter the following at a command prompt: dbca which is typically found in $ORACLE_HOME/bin. The Welcome page appears.

3. Click Next to continue. Using DBCA to Create a Database Select Create a Database on the DBCA Operations page to begin a wizard that enables Oracle DBA to configure and create a database.

During the interview, Oracle DBA are asked for your input on the following:

Learn oracle - Database Templates

Learn oracle - Database Identification

Learn oracle - Management Options

Learn oracle - Database Credentials

Learn oracle - Storage Options

Learn oracle - Database File Locations

Learn oracle - Recovery Configuration

Learn oracle - Database Content

Learn oracle - Initialization Parameters

Learn oracle - Database Storage

Learn oracle - Creation Options

Note that most pages of the wizard provide a default setting that Oracle DBA can accept. To accept all the default parameters, Oracle DBA can click Finish at any step. Database Templates This page enables Oracle DBA to select the type of database Oracle DBA want to create.

By default, Oracle Corporation ships pre-defined templates. There are templates for Data Warehouse, General Purpose, and Transaction Processing databases. The templates contain settings optimized for workload. Click Show Details to see the configuration for each type of database. Choose the template suited to the type of workload your database will support.

If Oracle DBA are not sure, select the default General Purpose template. For more complex environments, Oracle DBA may want to select the Custom Database option. This will result in a more extensive interview and it will take longer to create your database, since a database creation script must be run.

Read the complete article at http://Oracleonline.info/dbca_create.html.

Installing Your Oracle Software and Database

These steps provide a summary of the installation process. Online help is available to provide further direction in the choices that Oracle DBA make.

1. Log on to your computer as a member of the administrative group that is authorized to install Oracle software and create and run the database. Refer to your operating specific documentation or contact your system administrator find out if Oracle DBA have the necessary privileges to install new software.

2.Insert the distribution CD for the database into your CD drive. The Autorun window will appear automatically. Select Install/Deinstall Products. If downloading from Oracle’s download site, follow the instructions given on the Web site.

3. The Oracle Universal Installer Welcome page appears. Select Next to begin the installation of your software

4. Linux and Unix Only. If this is the first time that Oracle DBA are installing any Oracle software on this machine, the following occurs: The Specify Inventory Directory page appears. Oracle DBA must specify a directory for installation files and the name of an operating system group that has write permission to the directory. OUI uses this location to keep track of all Oracle software. This information is used while applying patches to or upgrading and existing installation and while deinstalling Oracle software. Note that this area is different from the Oracle home, which Oracle DBA specify later. Select Next to continue. A dialog page appears. You are asked to open a new terminal window, log in as root, and to run the oraInst.sh script. When the script finishes, return to the Oracle Universal Installer page and select Continue.


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Installation Choices

Installation Choices The Oracle Universal Installer guides you through an interview phase that asks you to specify your choices for installation and database creation.

The exact sequence of pages depends on your platform. All platforms include the following choices: What database product do you want to install? You can install one of the following: Oracle Enterprise Edition—Oracle’s most full featured database product providing data management for high-end applications.

Oracle Standard Edition—A less-expensive and somewhat scaled down version of the Oracle database suitable for workgroup or department level applications Custom Install—Allows Oracle DBA to customize the Enterprise Edition by selecting products to install. Do this if Oracle DBA want to add a component to your database that would not normally be installed or prevent certain components from being installed.

Do Oracle DBA want to create a starter database in addition to installing the Oracle software? To create the database, the installer automatically launches the Database Configuration Assistant at the end of the installation.


If Oracle DBA want a preconfigured database installed, Oracle DBA can select one of the following database types, optimized according to usage: General Purpose Transaction Processing Data Warehouse If Oracle DBA want to create an custom database where Oracle DBA configure your own database structure, you can select an advanced install. What are your Database Configuration Options?

These include your Global Database Name, Oracle System Identifier (SID), and whether to install the example schemas. The Global Database Name is the full name of the database which uniquely identifies it from any other database. The global database name is of the form database_name.database_domain as in sales.us.acme.com. The database name portion sales is a simple name you call your database.


The database domain portion us.acme.com specifies the database domain in which the database is located. Together database name and domain make up the Global Database Name. Oracle recommends that you install the example schemas so that you can run many of the examples in the documentation.

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Checking Prerequisites

Before the installation process, Oracle performs a number of automated prerequisite checks to ensure that your machine fulfills the basic hardware and software requirements for an Oracle install. If your machine does not meet any of the requirements, an error message is displayed.

The requirements may vary somewhat depending upon the type of machine and operation system Oracle DBA are running, but some examples of prerequisite checks include: A minimum of 512 MB of memory is available


Sufficient paging space is available. Appropriate operating system service packs or patches are installed. Appropriate files system format is being used. The installer automatically sets any operating system environment variables that the Oracle database server requires for its operation.

The Oracle Universal Installer guides Oracle DBA through an interview phase that asks Oracle DBA to specify your choices for installation and database creation. The exact sequence of pages depends on your platform. All platforms include the following choices: What database product do Oracle DBA want to install?

Oracle DBA can install one of the following: Oracle Enterprise Edition—Oracle’s most full featured database product providing data management for high-end applications. Oracle Standard Edition—A less-expensive and somewhat scaled down version of the Oracle database suitable for workgroup or department level applications Custom Install—Allows Oracle DBA to customize the Enterprise Edition by selecting products to install.

Do this if Oracle DBA want to add a component to your database that would not normally be installed or prevent certain components from being installed.

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How Oracle Works

The following example describes the most basic level of operations that Oracle performs. This illustrates an Oracle configuration where the Oracle DBA and associated server process are on separate computers (connected through a network).

An instance has started on the computer running Oracle (often called the host or database server).

A computer running an application (a local computer or client workstation) runs the application in a Oracle DBA process. The client application attempts to establish a connection to the server using the proper Oracle Net Services driver.

The server is running the proper Oracle Net Services driver. The server detects the connection request from the application and creates a dedicated server process on behalf of the Oracle DBA process.


The Oracle DBA runs a SQL statement and commits the transaction. For example, the Oracle DBA changes a name in a row of a table.


The server process receives the statement and checks the shared pool for any shared SQL area that contains a similar SQL statement. If a shared SQL area is found, then the server process checks the Oracle DBA 's access privileges to the requested data, and the previously existing shared SQL area is used to process the statement. If not, then a new shared SQL area is
allocated for the statement, so it can be parsed and processed.

The server process retrieves any necessary data values from the actual datafile (table) or those stored in the SGA.

The server process modifies data in the system global area. The DBWn process writes modified blocks permanently to disk when doing so is efficient. Because the transaction is committed, the LGWR process immediately records the transaction in the redo log file.

If the transaction is successful, then the server process sends a message across the network to the application. If it is not successful, then an error message is transmitted.

Throughout this entire procedure, the other background processes run, watching for conditions that require intervention. In addition, the database server manages other users' transactions and prevents contention between transactions that request the same data.

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Oracle Database Architecture

An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. A database server is the key to solving the problems of information management. In general, a server reliably manages a large amount of data in a multiuser environment so that many users can concurrently access the same data.


All this is accomplished while delivering high performance. A database server also prevents unauthorized access and provides efficient solutions for failure recovery.Oracle Database is the first database designed for enterprise grid computing, the most flexible and cost effective way to manage information and applications. Enterprise grid computing creates large pools of industry-standard, modular storage and servers. With this architecture, each new system can be rapidly provisioned from the pool of components.

There is no need for peak workloads, because capacity can be easily added or reallocated from the resource pools as needed.

The database has logical structures and physical structures. Because the physical and logical structures are separate, the physical storage of data can be managed without affecting the access to logical storage structures.This learn oracle article contains the following topics :


Physical Database Structure
Logical Database Structure
An Oracle Instance

Learn Oracle - Physical Database Structures

Datafiles - Every Oracle database has one or more physical datafiles. The datafiles contain all the database data. The data of logical database structures, such as tables and indexes, is physically stored in the datafiles allocated for a database.

The characteristics of datafiles are:

A datafile can be associated with only one database.Datafiles can have certain characteristics set to let them automatically extend when the database runs out of space.One or more datafiles form a logical unit of database storage called a tablespace.

Data in a datafile is read, as needed, during normal database operation and stored in the memory cache of Oracle. For example, assume that a user wants to access some data in a table of a database.

If the requested information is not already in the memory cache for the database, then it is read from the appropriate datafiles and stored in memory. Modified or new data is not necessarily written to a datafile immediately.

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Tools for Administering the Database

As an Oracle DBA, you can expect to be involved in the following tasks:

The following are some of the Oracle products, tools, and utilities you can use in achieving your goals as a Oracle database administrator:

Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)The Oracle Universal Installer installs your Oracle software and options. It can automatically launch the Database Configuration Assistant to install a database.

Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)The Database Configuration Assistant creates a database from templates that are supplied by Oracle, or you can create your own. It enables you to copy a preconfigured seed database, thus saving the time and effort of generating and customizing a database from scratch.

Database Upgrade AssistantThis Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant guides you through the upgrade of your existing database to a new Oracle release.

Oracle Net ManagerNet Manager guides you through your Oracle Net network configuration.

Oracle Enterprise ManagerThe primary tool for managing your Oracle database is Oracle Enterprise Manager, a web-based interface. After you have installed the Oracle software, created or upgraded a database, and configured the network, you can use Oracle Enterprise Manager for managing your database.

In addition, Oracle Enterprise Manager also provides an interface for performance advisors and for Oracle utilities such as SQL*Loader and Recovery Manager.

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Common Oracle DBA Tasks

As an Oracle DBA, you can expect to be involved in the following tasks:

Installing Oracle software

Creating Oracle databases

Performing upgrades of the database and software to new release levels

Starting up and shutting down the Oracle database

Managing the database's storage structures

Managing users and security

Managing schema objects, such as tables, indexes, and views

Making Oracle database backups and performing recovery when necessary

Proactively monitoring the database's health and taking preventive or corrective action as required

Monitoring and tuning performance In a small to midsize database environment, you might be the sole person performing these tasks. In large, enterprise environments, the job is often divided among several DBAs, each with their own specialty, such as database security or database tuning.

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What is a Oracle Database

Oracle is a relational database. In a relational database, all data is stored in two-dimensional tables that are composed of rows and columns. The Oracle Database enables you to store data, update it, and efficiently retrieve it.

Oracle provides software to create and manage the Oracle database. The database consists of physical and logical structures in which system, user, and control information is stored. The software that manages the database is called the Oracle database server. Collectively, the software that runs oracle and the physical database are called the Oracle database system.

Some of Oracle's tools to access the database and create programs are:

SQL*Plus has a command line interface. With it, you can access the database and write stored procedures, you can run SQL commands to retrieve data and you can run scripts of either SQL, PL/SQL or built-in SQL*Plus commands, or a mixture of those three things.

Oracle Developer is a 4GL GUI application Builder. With Developer, you can create forms, reports, and graphics. Oracle*Forms and Oracle*Reports are two components of Oracle Developer. Earlier versions created client-server applications, but the more recent versions create web applications that run under the Oracle Application Server (OAS). OAS is a web-based application server sold by Oracle. OAS is licensed separately and is very expensive (as are its closed source competitors). The current version is OAS 10g.

HTML DB is a fairly new application builder geared toward web development (added to the DB with release 9iR2). HTML DB does not need an application server. This tool runs from the database and can be presented to the web using the Apache web server that comes with the database. Since this is not an additional license, it provides a cheaper way to develop applications. Developer is a feature-rich thick client with all of the normal GUI widgets. HTML DB is HTML-based and is very thin and limited to the HTML provided widgets.

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) is the Enterprise GUI tool to manage the database. From this tool, you can perform any action in the database that is required. This tool is primarily used for administration but can also be provided to developers for application tuning and monitoring. In Oracle 10g, OEM also provides Grid control.

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